General Purpose Tools Part 02- Dismantle and Assembly Tools

 

     DISMANTLE AND ASSEMBLY TOOLS

     SCREWDRIVERS

~

            a.         Purpose

            Tightening or Loosening screws or screw head bolts.

            b.         Construction

           Made of high Carbon steel point hardened and Tempered, fitted with a wooden handle.

c.         Classification

                        By length of the blade and type.

d.         Types

 

            Plain Screw Driver (Common Screw Driver)

 

A common screw driver must fill at least 75 percent of the screw slot. Wrong size, Plain screw driver, cuts and burrs the screw slot the screw driver tip is found to be worn, it should be ground to the shape used only where slotted head screws or fasteners are found on the Aircraft.

            Cross-Point Screw Driver Phillips Head

 

This provides more positive drive than is possible with a straight slot screw driver. The tips are made with four sizes whit fit the recess in Phillips head screw. No.1 being smallest and No.4 largest.

           Stubby Screw Driver

 

This is designed for use where longer screw drivers cannot be used conveniently.

             Offset Screw Driver

Offset screw driver is used in order to get on a screw placed in restricted positions.

Impact Driver

An impact driver is a tools that delivers a strong, suddenly rotational an downward force, often used by mechanics to loosen larger screw (bolts) and nuts that corrosively over torque 

    Pliers

a.         Purpose

            Used for gripping and cutting purpose.

a.                  Construction

Made of high carbon steel with cutting and gripping edges hardened and tempered.

b.                  Classification

By type and overall length

c.                   Types

 

  Combination Pliers

 

            Combination pliers have Jaws capable of gripping flat or round objects. They have light cutting capability. For general purpose holding and gripping. These are made in size 41 to 10 inches.

   Slip  Joint pliers

 

Jaws of these pliers are designed or gripping. The shape and length of the handles made to provide a heavy gripping force on the jaws. Slip Joint allows the jaws to be set to several widths but still parallel to each other.

    Channel Lock Pliers

 

Curved groups of this pliers make-up series of interlocking joints. These are made of sizes ranging from 41/2 to 20 in.

 Adjustable Lever-Wrench pliers (Vise-Grip)

These pliers provide a powerful clamping force through the action of a cam and a lever mechanism, amount of jaw opening and clamping force is varied by turning knurled screw on the handle. Standard lever wrench pliers are made in sizes 4 to inches.

  Diagonal Cutting Pliers.

 

Diagonal Cutting pliers are designed for cutting of wire cotter pin nails and other soft metal pins. The cutting face is at an angle of approximately 15° to the plane of the handle. They are made in lengths 4-71h in.

Needle Nose Pliers Long Nose Pliers

These are designed to reach in to restricted areas and are made in overall lengths of 4-7 inches and jaw lengths of 1-­3 in.

     Duckbill Piers

 

                        In these pliers Jaws are wide and flat, which provides a greater gripping area. Used where a heavy clamping force is not required. Major use by aircraft technician is for the safety wiring of fasteners.

  Wire Twisters

 

The safely wire twister are specially designed pliers for the safety wiring and a/c fathers. The jaws and these pliers are designed to both cut and grip the safety wire. The handles have a lock that clamps the jaws on the wire. Provides a twisting action to frighten the wire. The technical must understand the principles of safety wiring to be able to properly use this flier.

    PUNCHES

        Purpose.

(1)        Used to start holes for drilling.

(2)        Locate centers for drawing circles.

(3)        Punch holes in sheet metal.

(4)        Remove damaged rivets, pins or bolts.

        Construction.

                        Made of high carbon steel working surface hardened and tempered.           

        Classification.

Classified by the Diameter of the small end.

        Types.

(1)             Center Punch

 

                                      This has 60° conical point, used to mark location of holes for drilling operations.

(1)             Prick Punch

 

Used to place reference marks on metal.

(1)                Pin Punch or Drift Punch.

 

This has a long tapered end with a blunt point used for aligning holes for bolts or pins to facilitate installations. Classification – By diameter of the small end usually range from 1/16 to 3/8 inch in diameter

    SPANNERS

a.         Purpose.

Used for installation and Tightening of threaded fasteners.

b.         Construction.

(1)      Mild steel case-hardened.

(2)      High Carbon steel hardened and Tempered.

(3)      Nickel - Chromium Alloy steel.

c.         Classification.

By types and size.

d.         Types

   Open End –Spanner.

Used for both square and hexagonal headed bolts and nuts The leverage provided by the length of the normal spanner enable a nut or bolt to be tightened sufficiently by hand. The size of the spanner is marked either on the jaw face or on the shank.

      Ring Spanners.

            These spanners give full enclosure of the hexagon head
or nut, each corner of which engages snugly with an angle in the aperture of the spanner. The aperture is usually bi-hexagonal to facilitate the use of the spanner when angular movement is restricted. This type of spanner, like the open-jaw type, is usually supplied in double-ended form to fit nuts of consecutive sizes; the ends are generally off-get, but straight-shank versions are also available.

      Combination Spanners.

 

Combination wrench is manufactured with a box end wrench on the other end

    Adjustable Spanners.

 

This spanner should be used as an 'emergency' tool and should not be used unless other types of spanner are not available. When using this type of wrench care should be taken to see that the jaws are tightly fit, the nut. The wrench should be turned in a direction that maximum stress is applied toward the inner end of the fixed jaw.

    Allen Keys

 

Allen keys are shaped L or T shapes. Used on certain bolts and set screws, with an internal wrenching head.

     Socket Wrench’s

 

i.          Sockets

Are made in variety of sizes and shapes for use with a given bolt head or nut size. Sockets are made with fixed or detachable handles. They have four, six or two sided recess to facilitate regular adjustment.

ii.        Socket Drivers

            Socket wrenches have square opening which accept driving tool sets are made in 1/4, 3/8, 1/2 and 3/4 - in drives. Sockets can be turned or driven by socket drivers, which include the speed handle, the breaker bar the sliding T handle and the ratchet handle.

Torque Wrenches

Torque wrench, includes a measuring device designed to indicate the twisting force being applied to nut or bolt inch-pounds (in-lb) (ft-lb) foot-pounds or Newton - meters (NM).

    Torsion Type Torque Wrench

In this type torque is indicated by a small dial gauge attached to the wrench, which is actuated by a spring mechanism in the handle.

Beam Type Torque Wrench

 

This has a pointer which moves across the indicating scale in an amount proportional to the force exerted by the wrench. Movement of the pointer is caused by the deflection of the spring steel handle.

Toggle Type Torque wrench (Adjustable)

In this type operator sets the wrench at the desired torque value with the micrometer type adjustment on the handle. When the desired torque is applied to the wrench, the wrench clicks and the handle momentarily releases

Pipe Wrench

 

i.          Purpose

                  Used for assembling and disassembling pipes and fittings.

ii.         Construction ­

This has jaws fitted with sharp hardened steel teeth designed to grip pipes or rods. Jaws are adjusted to a pipe and the handle is pulled forwarded jaws pressure will increase casing the teeth to grip the pipe very firmly. This is used for jobs around the shop. For aircraft work strap wrench may be used instead pipe wrench.

 

 Spanner Wrenches

Thank you for reading please read part 03